Yersinia Pestis And The Plague - 872 Words

Yersinia pestis and the Plague The infectious disease known as â€Å"the Plague† is spread by a bacterium classified as Yersinia pestis, which is usually transmitted in the bites of fleas or infected animals or people. Infectious Disease: Signs and Symptoms The plague has three different forms: Bubonic, Septicemic, and Pneumonic. The signs and symptoms of the bubonic plague usually include fever, headache, chills, and weakness and one or more swollen, tender and painful lymph nodes. A flea will typically bite a human, and the bacteria will travel to the nearest lymph node where it will multiply before it spreads to other parts of the body. The signs and symptoms of the Septicemic plague also generally include fever, chills, extreme weakness, as well as abdominal pain, shock, and possibly bleeding into the skin and other organs. Just like the bubonic plague, it usually comes from the bite of a flea, or from contact with an animal that has also been infected. In the case of the Pneumonic plague, the patients will also experience fever, headache, weakness, but it will usually be accompanied by a rapidly developing pneumonia with shortness of breath, may develop a cough, chest pain, and sometimes blood y and/or watery mucous, and may cause respiratory failure, all of which can lead to shock. This is also the most serious form of the disease, and is the only one of the three forms that can be spread from person to person. Causative Agent(s): Distinguishing characteristicsShow MoreRelatedYersinia Pestis And The Plague1131 Words   |  5 PagesYersinia pestis and the Plague Jin You MMI 133 Dr. Judith Gnarpe One organism that commonly causes diseases in humans is Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is the causative agent of the infamous bubonic plague, primary septicaemic plague, and primary pneumonic plague. Y. pestis was first discovered by Shibasaburo Kitasato and Alexandre Yersin, but due to Yersin’s description of the bacteria being more accurate, this bacterium was named after him (3). There are still disputes going on for who had correctlyRead More Plague - Bacillus Yersinia Pestis Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesIdentification and Prevention of What Makes Life â€Å"Nasty, Brutish, and Short† Plague is caused by the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, and is carried by rodents, fleas, and mammals. Plague takes three forms: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic plague affects the lymph glands, while the pneumonic and septicemic forms affect the lungs and the blood. Today, plague can be prevented by antibiotics and strict public health measures. Three methods of controlling carriers involve sanitizingRead MoreEssay Yersinia pestis - Bacteria Virulence and Symptoms1438 Words   |  6 PagesYersinia pestis - Bacteria Virulence and Symptoms Yersinia pestis appeared fairly early in history and is still prevailing today. Humans have come in contact with this bacterium in massive outbreaks throughout history, including the most famous Black Death of the 14th century. From the lack of knowledge of the bacteria and its ability to infect populations rapidly, the human race has suffered immensely. The bacterium is specialized with specific plasmids, Yersinia outer proteins as well as otherRead MoreEssay on How the Black Plague Effected Society741 Words   |  3 Pages The plague is a dangerous and deadly disease. The plague is one of the oldest diseases known to the human race. Back when Europe was still in the middle ages all the people including serfs, royalty, jews, and church members were devastated by disease that was unknown to them. The disease spread rapidly through Europe through a variety of means. The plague possesses many names like the black death or the black plague. No matter what the people referred to it as i t greatly affected the society inRead MoreAn Educational Presentation By Caitlin Gibbs1314 Words   |  6 PagesYersinia pestis An educational presentation by Caitlin Gibbs General Outline Covering: ï‚ § History and Relevance ï‚ § Biological Characteristics ï‚ § Pathogenesis ï‚ § Detection Not covering ï‚ § Its use as a biological warfare agent The Plague Considered by many to be the greatest pandemic in the history of the world, the Plague is a disease that has ‘plagued’ the world for over a millennia. Three major pandemics recorded throughout history— claimed an estimated 200 million lives. History of the Plague TheRead More Yersinia pestis – Infection, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment1572 Words   |  7 PagesYersinia pestis – Gerneal Infection, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Yersinia pestis, the culprit behind the infamous Black Death, spread by rat fleas, has cast a shadow over human civilization, taken the lives of countless peasants and nobles alike like a violent brute who murders invariably. There are three major forms of infection stages, the bubonic plague, the septicemic plague, and the pneumonic plague (primary and secondary), all are lethal if not treated with proper antibiotics. DueRead MoreThe Plague Of The 19th Century926 Words   |  4 PagesThe plague that struck Europe and Asia in the 14th century was undoubtedly the most devastating disease or natural disaster the world ever faced. The Bubonic Plague or Black Death killed an estimated 25 million people from 1347 to 1352 in Europe, which accounted for one third of Europe’s population.-1 Historians believed that the Plague started in Asia and then spread to Europe. The plague lasted for five devastating years, but it’s wrath did not end in 1352. The Plague would reappear throughRead MoreThe Black Death And The Plague Outbreak1331 Words   |  6 Pagesoutbreaks in history was the plague outbreak which peaked in 1346 to 1353, in Europe, commonly known as the Black Death. This plague outbreak was extremely deadly and killed 30-60% of the European population at the time of the outbreak. The outbreak is commonly believed to have been caused by the bubonic plague, but modern evidence suggests that the Black Death was caused by pneumonic plague, a much more contagious and deadly infection. The Black Death was the second major plague outbreak in history, theRead MoreEssay about Transmission of the Plague to Humans1477 Words   |  6 PagesTransmission of the Plague to Humans Abstract Yersinia pestis is a bacterium that has been well known to mankind for centuries. Its mechanisms of survival in wide variety of species are extraordinary. The power of this bacterium is dependent on its manipulation of the immune system of its host’s. Its means of survival in the flea and its use of the flea as a vector to other desirable hosts portray this bacterium’s true capability. This flea is the main cause of the bacterium to other animalsRead MoreThe Black Death : A Widespread Disease1148 Words   |  5 Pagesidentify the same new type of bacterium that’s present in the blood and tissues from plague patients, further succeeding in isolating samples and cultivating in culture. In time they managed to link the bacterium to that of the bacterium in dead rats showing that both are the same. As time went on both Kitasato and Yersin gathered sufficient research to produce the first important breakthrough relating to combating plague. Much of the success was do wn to the improved medical knowledge and technology resulting

American Revolution and the Battle of the Chesapeake

The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes, was fought September 5, 1781, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Fleets and Leaders Royal Navy Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves19 ships of the line French Navy Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse24 ships of the line Background Prior to 1781, Virginia had seen little fighting as the majority operations had taken place far to the north or further south. Early that year, British forces, including those led by traitor Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, arrived in the Chesapeake and commenced raiding. These were later joined by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis army which had marched north following its bloody victory at the Battle of Guilford Court House. Taking command of all British forces in the region, Cornwallis soon received a confusing string of orders from his superior in New York City, General Sir Henry Clinton. While initially campaigning against American forces in Virginia, including those led by the Marquis de Lafayette, he was later instructed to establish a fortified base at a deep-water port. Assessing his options, Cornwallis elected to utilize Yorktown for this purpose. Arriving at Yorktown, VA, Cornwallis constructed earthworks around the town and built fortifications across the York River at Gloucester Point.   Fleets in Motion During the summer, General George Washington and the Comte de Rochambeau requested that Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse bring his French fleet north from the Caribbean for a potential strike against either New York City or Yorktown. After extensive debate, the latter target was chosen by the allied Franco-American command with the understanding that de Grasses ships were necessary to prevent Cornwallis escaping by sea. Aware that de Grasse intended to sail north, a British fleet of 14 ships of the line, under Rear Admiral Samuel Hood, also departed the Caribbean. Taking a more direct route, they arrived at the mouth of the Chesapeake on August 25. That same day, a second, smaller French fleet led by the  Comte de Barras departed Newport, RI carrying siege guns and equipment. In an effort to avoid the British, de Barras took a circuitous route with the goal of reaching Virginia and uniting with de Grasse. Not seeing the French near the Chesapeake, Hood decided to continue on to New York to join with Rear Admiral Thomas Graves. Arriving at New York, Hood found that Graves only had five ships of the line in battle condition. Combining their forces, they put to sea heading south towards Virginia. While the British were uniting to the north, de Grasse arrived in the Chesapeake with 27 ships of the line. Quickly detaching three ships to blockade Cornwallis position at Yorktown, de Grasse landed 3,200 soldiers and anchored the bulk of his fleet behind Cape Henry, near the mouth of the bay. The French Put to Sea On September 5, the British fleet appeared off the Chesapeake and sighted the French ships around 9:30 AM. Rather than swiftly attack the French while they were vulnerable, the British followed the tactical doctrine of the day and moved into a line ahead formation. The time required for this maneuver allowed the French to recover from the surprise of the British arrival which had seen many of their warships caught with large portions of their crews ashore. Also, it allowed de Grasse to avoid entering battle against an adverse wind and tidal conditions. Cutting their anchor lines, the French fleet emerged from the bay and formed for battle. As the French exited from the bay, both fleets angled towards each other as they sailed east. A Running Fight As wind and sea conditions continued to change, the French gained the advantage of being able to open their lower gun ports while the British were prevented from doing so without risking water entering their ships. Around 4:00 PM, the vans (lead sections) in each fleet opened fired on their opposite number as the range closed. Though the vans were engaged, a shift in the wind made it difficult for each fleets center and rear to close within range. On the British side, the situation was further hampered by contradictory signals from Graves. As the fighting progressed, the French tactic of aiming for masts and rigging bore fruit as HMS Intrepid (64 guns) and HMS Shrewsbury (74) both fell out of line. As the vans pummeled each other, many of the ships to their rear never were able to engage the enemy. Around 6:30 PM the firing ceased and the British withdrew to windward. For the next four days, the fleets maneuvered within sight of each other. However, neither sought to renew the battle . On the evening of September 9, de Grasse reversed his fleets course, leaving the British behind, and returned to the Chesapeake. Upon arriving, he found reinforcements in the form of 7 ships of the line under de Barras. With 34 ships of the line, de Grasse had full control of the Chesapeake, eliminating Cornwallis hopes for evacuation. Trapped, Cornwallis army was besieged by the combined army of Washington and Rochambeau. After over two weeks of fighting, Cornwallis surrendered on October 17, effectively ending the American Revolution. Aftermath and Impact During the Battle of the Chesapeake, both fleets suffered approximately 320 casualties. In addition, many of the ships in the British van were heavily damaged and unable to continue fighting. Though the battle itself was tactically inconclusive, it was a massive strategic victory for the French. By drawing the British away from the Chesapeake, the French eliminated any hope of rescuing Cornwalliss army. This in turn allowed for the successful siege of Yorktown, which broke the back of British power in the colonies and led to American independence.

Leroy Karas Ecomap Review Essay - 1019 Words

LeRoy Karas Ecomap Review Deborah Spann Kaplan University HN144 Human Behavior and the Environment Professor Joanna Pintar November 17, 2012 LeRoy Karas seemed to be a young man who had a future in sports stemming from his athletic abilities and physical build which lead to a scholarship in football. His outgoing personality and good looks made him popular with the ladies and on the party scene. He was also favored by his parents over his year younger brother Elroy. After entering college on a scholarship, LeRoy spent more time parting than studying and he became more dependent on alcohol and lost his scholarship. Soon after he dropped out of college he met his first wife, she became pregnant, they married and after 2†¦show more content†¦LeRoy is now at 64 is in middle adulthood but is transitioning into his late adulthood where his biological capabilities would have been reduced on their own but now exacerbated by his chronic alcoholism. At this age his social responsibilities would be increasing yet his social skills and circles of friends and families are non existent. According to Levinsons life structure, LeRoy will be forced in this transition period of his life to face review of the relationships and structures that have been built or destroyed and will face the need to explore his options or either to move forward and try to repair the damage he has caused or find an escape route through suicide. According to Eric Eriksons theory of psychological development LeRoy suffered from identity confusion in adolescence expressing itself in continued adolescent behavior, poorly thought out actions in his lifestyle with child like behaviors that lead him to evade acting as a responsible adult. According to Erickson LeRoy in entering into stage 8 which is integrity versus despair, where he will be reflecting on his life and accepting the choices he has made. LeRoy is currently lacking generativity and has become self-absorbed in himself and his needs with disregard for others. He has no drive is not a productive member of society. If I

FEU Admission Policies for incoming Freshmen free essay sample

The result of the qualifying examination is final and not subject to appeal; no retakes are allowed. Non qualifiers shall be advised to shift to another ABS major. Non qualification after this first qualifying examination is a permanent disqualification from the ABS-IA program. 4. To remain in the ABS-IA program the student must meet all of the following requirements: A. AWG of 2. 0 or better in all accounting, law, and taxation subjects, with no grade lower than 2. In any of these subjects B. Students may continue in the program only if the non-qualified subjects are re-enrolled and the required passing grade is attained. C. Pass a comprehensive examination at the end of each academic year covering all major subjects in the year level for the academic year; unsuccessful examinees may be advised to shift to another major, re-enroll some courses, or retake the examination.Students who do not meet the grade requirement are barred from taking the comprehensive examination. We will write a custom essay sample on FEU Admission Policies for incoming Freshmen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5. All 4th year ABS-IA students who have completed all course requirements shall be eligible for graduation with the ABS-IA degree. To be admitted to 5th year BBS Accountancy, the student must pass a written comprehensive examination to be taken at the end of the Thayer, ABS-IA, Non-qualifiers may retake the comprehensive examination any number of times to qualify for 5th year ABS 6.To qualify for graduation with the ABS degree, the student must pass a comprehensive written examination at the end of the 5th year; non passers may retake the examination any number of times until finally qualified. Students who fail for the third time shall re-enroll at least 6 units of 5th year subjects as recommended by the Dean or Associate Dean. Passing the written comprehensive examination is an absolute requirement for graduation.