American Revolution and the Battle of the Chesapeake

The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes, was fought September 5, 1781, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Fleets and Leaders Royal Navy Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves19 ships of the line French Navy Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse24 ships of the line Background Prior to 1781, Virginia had seen little fighting as the majority operations had taken place far to the north or further south. Early that year, British forces, including those led by traitor Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, arrived in the Chesapeake and commenced raiding. These were later joined by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis army which had marched north following its bloody victory at the Battle of Guilford Court House. Taking command of all British forces in the region, Cornwallis soon received a confusing string of orders from his superior in New York City, General Sir Henry Clinton. While initially campaigning against American forces in Virginia, including those led by the Marquis de Lafayette, he was later instructed to establish a fortified base at a deep-water port. Assessing his options, Cornwallis elected to utilize Yorktown for this purpose. Arriving at Yorktown, VA, Cornwallis constructed earthworks around the town and built fortifications across the York River at Gloucester Point.   Fleets in Motion During the summer, General George Washington and the Comte de Rochambeau requested that Rear Admiral Comte de Grasse bring his French fleet north from the Caribbean for a potential strike against either New York City or Yorktown. After extensive debate, the latter target was chosen by the allied Franco-American command with the understanding that de Grasses ships were necessary to prevent Cornwallis escaping by sea. Aware that de Grasse intended to sail north, a British fleet of 14 ships of the line, under Rear Admiral Samuel Hood, also departed the Caribbean. Taking a more direct route, they arrived at the mouth of the Chesapeake on August 25. That same day, a second, smaller French fleet led by the  Comte de Barras departed Newport, RI carrying siege guns and equipment. In an effort to avoid the British, de Barras took a circuitous route with the goal of reaching Virginia and uniting with de Grasse. Not seeing the French near the Chesapeake, Hood decided to continue on to New York to join with Rear Admiral Thomas Graves. Arriving at New York, Hood found that Graves only had five ships of the line in battle condition. Combining their forces, they put to sea heading south towards Virginia. While the British were uniting to the north, de Grasse arrived in the Chesapeake with 27 ships of the line. Quickly detaching three ships to blockade Cornwallis position at Yorktown, de Grasse landed 3,200 soldiers and anchored the bulk of his fleet behind Cape Henry, near the mouth of the bay. The French Put to Sea On September 5, the British fleet appeared off the Chesapeake and sighted the French ships around 9:30 AM. Rather than swiftly attack the French while they were vulnerable, the British followed the tactical doctrine of the day and moved into a line ahead formation. The time required for this maneuver allowed the French to recover from the surprise of the British arrival which had seen many of their warships caught with large portions of their crews ashore. Also, it allowed de Grasse to avoid entering battle against an adverse wind and tidal conditions. Cutting their anchor lines, the French fleet emerged from the bay and formed for battle. As the French exited from the bay, both fleets angled towards each other as they sailed east. A Running Fight As wind and sea conditions continued to change, the French gained the advantage of being able to open their lower gun ports while the British were prevented from doing so without risking water entering their ships. Around 4:00 PM, the vans (lead sections) in each fleet opened fired on their opposite number as the range closed. Though the vans were engaged, a shift in the wind made it difficult for each fleets center and rear to close within range. On the British side, the situation was further hampered by contradictory signals from Graves. As the fighting progressed, the French tactic of aiming for masts and rigging bore fruit as HMS Intrepid (64 guns) and HMS Shrewsbury (74) both fell out of line. As the vans pummeled each other, many of the ships to their rear never were able to engage the enemy. Around 6:30 PM the firing ceased and the British withdrew to windward. For the next four days, the fleets maneuvered within sight of each other. However, neither sought to renew the battle . On the evening of September 9, de Grasse reversed his fleets course, leaving the British behind, and returned to the Chesapeake. Upon arriving, he found reinforcements in the form of 7 ships of the line under de Barras. With 34 ships of the line, de Grasse had full control of the Chesapeake, eliminating Cornwallis hopes for evacuation. Trapped, Cornwallis army was besieged by the combined army of Washington and Rochambeau. After over two weeks of fighting, Cornwallis surrendered on October 17, effectively ending the American Revolution. Aftermath and Impact During the Battle of the Chesapeake, both fleets suffered approximately 320 casualties. In addition, many of the ships in the British van were heavily damaged and unable to continue fighting. Though the battle itself was tactically inconclusive, it was a massive strategic victory for the French. By drawing the British away from the Chesapeake, the French eliminated any hope of rescuing Cornwalliss army. This in turn allowed for the successful siege of Yorktown, which broke the back of British power in the colonies and led to American independence.

Leroy Karas Ecomap Review Essay - 1019 Words

LeRoy Karas Ecomap Review Deborah Spann Kaplan University HN144 Human Behavior and the Environment Professor Joanna Pintar November 17, 2012 LeRoy Karas seemed to be a young man who had a future in sports stemming from his athletic abilities and physical build which lead to a scholarship in football. His outgoing personality and good looks made him popular with the ladies and on the party scene. He was also favored by his parents over his year younger brother Elroy. After entering college on a scholarship, LeRoy spent more time parting than studying and he became more dependent on alcohol and lost his scholarship. Soon after he dropped out of college he met his first wife, she became pregnant, they married and after 2†¦show more content†¦LeRoy is now at 64 is in middle adulthood but is transitioning into his late adulthood where his biological capabilities would have been reduced on their own but now exacerbated by his chronic alcoholism. At this age his social responsibilities would be increasing yet his social skills and circles of friends and families are non existent. According to Levinsons life structure, LeRoy will be forced in this transition period of his life to face review of the relationships and structures that have been built or destroyed and will face the need to explore his options or either to move forward and try to repair the damage he has caused or find an escape route through suicide. According to Eric Eriksons theory of psychological development LeRoy suffered from identity confusion in adolescence expressing itself in continued adolescent behavior, poorly thought out actions in his lifestyle with child like behaviors that lead him to evade acting as a responsible adult. According to Erickson LeRoy in entering into stage 8 which is integrity versus despair, where he will be reflecting on his life and accepting the choices he has made. LeRoy is currently lacking generativity and has become self-absorbed in himself and his needs with disregard for others. He has no drive is not a productive member of society. If I

FEU Admission Policies for incoming Freshmen free essay sample

The result of the qualifying examination is final and not subject to appeal; no retakes are allowed. Non qualifiers shall be advised to shift to another ABS major. Non qualification after this first qualifying examination is a permanent disqualification from the ABS-IA program. 4. To remain in the ABS-IA program the student must meet all of the following requirements: A. AWG of 2. 0 or better in all accounting, law, and taxation subjects, with no grade lower than 2. In any of these subjects B. Students may continue in the program only if the non-qualified subjects are re-enrolled and the required passing grade is attained. C. Pass a comprehensive examination at the end of each academic year covering all major subjects in the year level for the academic year; unsuccessful examinees may be advised to shift to another major, re-enroll some courses, or retake the examination.Students who do not meet the grade requirement are barred from taking the comprehensive examination. We will write a custom essay sample on FEU Admission Policies for incoming Freshmen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5. All 4th year ABS-IA students who have completed all course requirements shall be eligible for graduation with the ABS-IA degree. To be admitted to 5th year BBS Accountancy, the student must pass a written comprehensive examination to be taken at the end of the Thayer, ABS-IA, Non-qualifiers may retake the comprehensive examination any number of times to qualify for 5th year ABS 6.To qualify for graduation with the ABS degree, the student must pass a comprehensive written examination at the end of the 5th year; non passers may retake the examination any number of times until finally qualified. Students who fail for the third time shall re-enroll at least 6 units of 5th year subjects as recommended by the Dean or Associate Dean. Passing the written comprehensive examination is an absolute requirement for graduation.

The Suppliants monologue Essay Example For Students

The Suppliants monologue Essay A monologue from the play by Euripides NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Plays of Euripides in English, vol. ii. Trans. Shelley Dean Milman. London: J.M. Dent Sons, 1922. IPHIS: Why was this privilege, alas! denied To mortals, twice to flourish in the bloom Of youth, and for a second time grow old? For in our houses, we, if aught is found To have been ill contrived, amend the fault Which our maturer judgment hath descried; While each important error in our life Admits of no reform: but if with youth And ripe old age we twice had been indulged, Each devious step that marked our first career We in our second might set right. For children, Seeing that others had them, much I wished, And pined away with vehement desire; But if I had already felt these pangs, And from my own experience learnt how great Is the calamity to a fond father To be bereft of all his hopeful race, I into such distress had never fallen As now o\erwhelms me, who begot a youth Distinguished by his courage, and of him Am no deprived. No more. But what remains For mewretch that I am? Shall I return To my own home, view many houses left Without inhabitants, and waste the dregs Of life in hopeless anguish, or repair To the abode of Capaneus, with joy By me frequented while my daughter lived? But she is now no more, who loved to kiss My furrowed cheeks and stroked this hoary head. Nought can delight us more than the attention Which to her aged sire a daughter pays: Though our male progeny have souls endued With courage far superior, yet less gently Do they these soothing offices perform. Will ye not quickly drag me to my home, And in some dungeon\s gloomy hold confine, To wear away these aged limbs by famine? Me, what, alas! can it avail to touch My daughter\s bones! What hatred do I bear To thee, O irresistible old age! Them, too, my soul abhors who vainly strive To lengthen out our little span of life; By th\ easy vehicle, the downy couch, And by the boasted aid of magic song, Labouring to turn aside from his career Remorseless death: when they who have no longer The strength required to serve their native land Should vanish, and to younger men give place. We will write a custom essay on The Suppliants monologue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

The Women of Brewster Place, Dawn, Mattie Michael Essays

The Women of Brewster Place, Dawn, Mattie Michael Essays DaTaesha Brown English 103 Professor Kennedy April 4th, 2016 Journals The Women of Brewster Place, Dawn, Mattie Michael The opening of the book starts with Dawn which gives description of the unmanned city which Brewster Place is created in. Mattie Michael is a southern bell who ends up pregnant while being shelter and protected all her life by her strong willed and religious father. She moves away to survive on her own with her child. She becomes a working parent whose main purpose is to provide and survive for her child. She then turns into her father by sheltering her child into nothing but undisciplined loved. As he grows older with a passive mother he gets into some legal trouble that he cannot manipulate his way out of. Basil is locked up for involuntary murder and his mother puts up her house up for his bond, and Basil subjected to his selfishness fled the city and forced his mother into moving to Brewster place. The Women of Brewster Place, Etta Mae Johnson, Kiswana Browne Etta Mae Johnson is Mattie Michaels childhood friend and a free spirited woman who struggles with the desire and love she wants from a man. Etta Mae goes from man to man searching for her desire of love from a man she is willing to stay with. She searches for her love in the men who are flashy in appearance. She attends church with Mattie and meets Reverend Woods who she has a fling with, and only to realize after having sexual intercourse with him that it was all another desire and she didnt truly want him. Feeling yet again used and broken by herself she is delighted to find that the one person who loves her dearly and unconditionally is waiting up for her playing her songs. Kiswana Browne, unlike the previous two characters, chose to live in Brewster Place. Kiswana has dropped out of college running away from her past, in search of finding herself. She has changed her name and has family issues with her parents. When her mother returns she asks why has she changed her name and Kis wana releases anger and rage upon her mother telling her how she is a white mans nigger. Kiswanas mother explains to her the pride and heritage of her name and how proud she should be to carry on and be in this bloodline. The Women of Brewster Place, Luciela Louise Turner Luciela Louise Turner who appeared in the beginning of the novel as Miss Evas granddaughter who was abandoned by her parents and being raise by her grandmother until she passed away. Luciela is now all grown up with a child name Serena by Eugene. Eugene is portrayed as the typical man who had a baby with a woman that he was not ready for so in return he takes his regret and rage out on how he treats them. Eugene is jobless and does not help when it comes to their daughter. Eugene comes home one day lying about a job he was offered in Maine and how he had to leave immediately. Luciela knowing that it was all a lie began to argue with him and take her attention off Serena. Serena chasing a roach in their home while her parents fight sticks her hands into an electrical socket and dies. Luciela left with no child and an aborted child deals with her grief by sobbing into Matties arms. The Women of Brewster Place, Cora Lee Cora Lee had an enormous obsession with baby dolls when she was younger. Of course every child has a huge obsession that their parents think they will grow out of but this continued into adulthood. Cora Lees aunt told her when she was 16 years old that she should have some babies of her own and this sparked lightbulbs. Cora Lee was so infatuated with the ideas of babies that she conceived them for the idea alone not realizing that they grew older. Cora Lees children are neglected by her because she only knows how to care for them as infants. Kiswana notices Cora Lees children are neglected and invites them along with Cora to a Shakespeare play. Cora was inspired by the play

Morality vs. In vitro fertilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morality vs. In vitro fertilization - Essay Example Although the procedure may indeed benefit the ailing son, it would also bring harm and potential risks to the baby. The manipulation process which would be carried out on the embryo includes personhood qualities which may be lost or destroyed in the process of manipulation (Dane and Finkbeiner, 2007). Even if such harm or risk may not be actually proven in the medical or clinical context, religions and cultural dictates may declare such risks as significant. The scientific and medical way of assessing and declaring the presence of risks cannot be the sole basis for defining harm; â€Å"to do so also would lead to a lack of respect for other religious and cultural beliefs† (Dane and Finkbeiner, 2007, p. 5). In effect, although clinicians may rule out the risk which may be incurred from the procedure as minimal, such risks cannot be overlooked in favor of potential benefits. The justice consideration is also crucial in this discussion. The principle of justice basically sets for th that all people must be given their due. The potential child in this case is being unjustly viewed already not as an individual person, but as a tool – a means to an end. Granting that he was chosen to live for such purpose, justice requires that he be given his due – that of living his life beyond the nefarious purposes of his parents (Hug, 2010).

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Strategic Management - Essay Example As can be seen in industries which become an icon for nations, there are strong sentiments attached with the commercial aircraft manufacturing industry. This factor is a very dominant contributor to industry dynamics and strategic shape of the industry. The strategic importance of national sentiments attached to some companies is explained by Lou Gerstner in his very famous book ‘Who says elephants can’t dance?’ According to Gerstner one of the major reasons he took up to task of bringing IBM back from brink of bankruptcy was the cultural significance and sentiments attached with IBM of both American businesses and people. The same cultural significance lies with the dominant players of the commercial aircraft manufacturers. This factor is significant for both Boeing and Airbus and holds a very significant importance in determining the analysis provided below. The best method to understand the dynamics of any industry is through the porter’s five forces analysis. This model gives a comprehensive analysis of the different forces functioning in the industry and determines industry’s strategic positioning. This model is also very useful in providing a comprehensive analysis of the individual analysis and more importantly contribution to determining the overall positioning of the industry. The model is used for this example is as follow: The most important factor for any industry is the bargaining power of customers. This is a very economics driven phenomenon. This is because the customers function as a whole on factors of demand and supply. The demand factors for an industry determine the power of firms operating in the industry. The substitutability of a product is the key to bargaining power of customers. This can be analyzed by using exampling of medicines and burgers. The customer when buying medicines will have a very small power because this product has a low elasticity of demand. However,